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The Crowd: Study of the Popular Mind Paperback – October 29, 2014
Author: Gustav Le Bon ID: 1502303264

About the Author

Gustave Le Bon (1841 -1931) was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. He was the author of several works in which he expounded theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology. His work on crowd psychology became important during the first half of the twentieth century when it was used by media researchers such as Hadley Cantril and Herbert Blumer to describe the reactions of subordinate groups to media.

–This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition.

Paperback: 102 pagesPublisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (October 29, 2014)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 1502303264ISBN-13: 978-1502303264 Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.2 x 9 inches Shipping Weight: 7.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies) Best Sellers Rank: #409,354 in Books (See Top 100 in Books) #334 in Books > Medical Books > Psychology > Applied Psychology #749 in Books > Health, Fitness & Dieting > Psychology & Counseling > Applied Psychology #23977 in Books > Literature & Fiction > Literary
_The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind_ by French social theorist Gustave LeBon is a short treatise on the principles of large gatherings of people. As the disclaimer on the title page notes, the ideas in LeBon’s book were popular at the time of the late 19th century but are no longer in vogue today. The reasons for this are obvious, as LeBon unpretentiously puts to fault all the rhetoric about "democracy," "equality," "fraternity," and "equality" as being mere catchphrases that self-serving demagouges use to control the spirit of the masses. He cites the French Revoloution and the demands of Socialism and Communism during his time. LeBon outlines the way crowds tend to think (in vivid images illogically connected), how they reason (they don’t for all practical purposes), how they express exaggerated emotion, how they are very quick to take action without coherent thought and of the general extreme-conservativism and intolerance of crowds. The individual who becomes part of a crowd tends to loose himself, and feels invincible as he is aware of the similarity of mind and purpose of all those surrounding him. LeBon notes how individuals become unthinking entities of the Herd, and can be unconsciously made to do acts, which can either be of great criminality or heroism. The reasoning of the solitary individual is superior to that of a crowd which has no individuality. All are "equal" in a crowd where, for instance, a mathemetician is caught up in the same spirit as a laborer and class and intelligece differences fall to the lowest common denominator.
There are a number of books that portray financial bubbles and crowd behaviour. This from 1895 is the best one even if it doesn’t specifically touch on the financial markets. The Crowd by the French sociologist Gustave Le Bon covers a number of topics such as how individuals adapt to the group view and suppress their own knowledge, how groups hinder analysis and promote "stories", the way groups make decisions and how they handle persons with a contrary view of events. The points Le Bon makes made huge impressions not only on Sigismund Freud, but also on both Hitler and Mussolini who used them to control the masses.

The Book is divided in three parts. You can leave the third unread. It deals with classifications of different kinds of crowds with examples which very much relate to the 19:th century and also displays a little too much of Le Bon’s fear of socialism. I’m no friend of socialism but this feels dated. The first two parts are at the same time extremely cynical and completely brilliant. Even if the language is old-fashioned it becomes wholly clear for every reader that group psychology hasn’t changed a bit in 115 years. Any study of crowd behaviour should start here.

There are too many interesting topics in the book to cover in a review but one of the important ones is how a collective mind, separated from the individual minds of those constituting the group, forms as the individuals repress traits and knowledge of their own. Temporarily the individual mind could almost be dissolved. As the incorporation in a group is driven by feelings and the very emotional state makes analysis extremely difficult the collective mind is emotionally driven.

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